Control strategy for energy storage batteries participating in secondary frequency regulation considering the frequency characteristics of the power grid September 2023 DOI: 10.1109/ICPRE59655

1. Introduction. In recent years, the environmental pollution issue has received much attention. To reduce the demand for fossil fuels from traditional power generation, more and more renewable energy sources is entering modern electric grids [1], [2].The concept of microgrid (MG) gets more recognition in solving the problem of

Fig. 1 shows the basic structure of the distributed energy storage system, where V dc is the DC bus voltage, V on denotes the output voltage of the storage converter n, and R is the equivalent line resistance between each storage unit and the DC bus. The energy storage DC-DC converters can operate in constant-voltage (CV) control mode

CITATION. Wang Z, Wu F, Li Y, Huang W and Shi L (2022), Bi-layer optimal secondary frequency control approach for energy storage clusters considering wind power uncertainty. Front. Energy Res. 10:

The main part of this control is based on fuzzy logic, whose control variable is the charging status of the battery energy storage system. The purpose of providing two independent fuzzy logic systems (the first for the battery energy storage system and the second for the grid), maintaining the MVDC voltage, maintaining the

The energy storage control strategy considering SOC was drawn [13], in which fuzzy control was adopted to realize the smooth correction of energy storage system output in the process of real-time power exchange of the energy storage power grid. The adaptive output law of energy storage secondary frequency modulation was

The virtual synchronous generator (VSG) can provide inertia to the system, and effectively support the system frequency. However, the VSG inertia setting is subject to the physical limitations of the DC side, which cannot be changed arbitrarily. Aimed at this deficiency, this paper proposes a VSG inertia adaptive control strategy based on hybrid energy

microgrid. This paper mainly studies the frequency distributed secondary control of the. microgrid connected with photovoltaic and energy storage as distributed power sources. The goal of

voltage recovery in a weak communication mode. On the basis of Golsorkhi et al. [16], a distributed control strategy suitable for multiple energy storage in parallel has been

A control strategy of battery energy storage system (BESS) is proposed for secondary frequency regulation (SFR). This strategy integrates the advantages of

In order to achieve the flexible and efficient utilization of distributed energy resources, microgrids (MGs) can enhance the self-healing capability of distribution systems. Conventional primary droop control in microgrids exhibits deviations in voltage and frequency and lacks research on voltage–frequency control during network

The energy storage control strategy considering SOC was drawn [13], in which fuzzy control was adopted to realize the smooth correction of energy storage system output in the process of real-time

In (Yang et al., 2021), the authors proposed a novel distributed model predictive control (DMPC) strategy for a DC microgrid based on voltage observers for multiple energy storage systems (ESs) to

The energy storage control system of an electric vehicle has to be able to handle high peak power during acceleration and deceleration if it is to effectively manage power and energy flow. There are typically two main approaches used for regulating power and energy management (PEM) [ 104 ].

The first part of this work reviewed microgrids and, specifically, remote or isolated microgrids [1], focusing on a mixed DC–AC architecture and its application in a photovoltaic (PV) power plant arranged as clusters of consumers connected to battery energy storage systems (BESS) [1].The BESS inverters feed the loads and can be

From the viewpoint of practical applications, however, the intermittent nature of such energy resources must be considered. In this work, a parallel-inverter based ac microgrid with solar photovoltaics (PVs) and battery energy storage systems (BESSs) is presented. Based on this configuration, a universal model predictive control method is proposed.

Afterwards, the power deviation between the reference load and the equivalent load is calculated. (3) P d t = P eql t-P fd t where P d (t) is the power deviation bsequently, the regulation power provided by AGC will be determined via the probability distribution function (pfd) of P d (t), which normally obeys Gaussian

A coordinated secondary control approach based on an autonomous current-sharing control strategy for balancing the discharge rates of energy storage systems (ESSs) in islanded ac microgrids is

The primary voltage and frequency synchronization is achieved by equally sharing the active and reactive powers among energy storage devices. The secondary voltage and frequency restoration is achieved by selecting one energy storage as a virtual leader, and other energy storage devices will act as followers to follow the leader energy storage

A fully distributed control without leader-follower strategy is used to manage the power flow between renewable generators, energy storage and consumption (critical and non-critical loads), to

In this paper, a distributed control is proposed for Distributed Energy Storage Systems (DESSs) and Renewable Energy Sources (RESs) power management in islanded Microgrid (MG).

The master inverter is connected to Energy Storage Devices (ESDs) and is responsible for maintaining stable voltage on the load bus. The PV units are connected via slave inverters and are managed using a dual-loop Proportional Integrator Derivative (PID) control approach, with the outer loop maximizing solar panel output.

This paper proposed a comprehensive control method for energy storage system (ESS) participating in primary frequency regulation (PFR). The integrated control strategy consists of PFR stage and

This paper proposes an energy storage management system based on distributed secondary level control, which promotes charge/discharge control and

In this paper, a novel optimal control based on the PI consensus algorithm is proposed for multiple battery energy storages (BESs) in an islanded DC microgrid. Compared with the

The hierarchical control proposed consists of three levels: 1) The primary control is based on the droop method, including an output-impedance virtual loop; 2) the secondary control allows the

Model Predictive Control of Battery Energy Storage System for Secondary Frequency Regulation Abstract: A model predictive control (MPC) for battery energy storage system (BESS) participating in secondary frequency regulation of power system with dynamic state of charge (SOC) recovery reference value is proposed in this paper. The frequency

The energy storage is an essential component in a microgrid; it not only can suppress the power fluctuation but also is a necessary guarantee for the standalone and stable operation of the microgrid. The essential controls need to be applied to the energy storage converter to equalize the output current, reduce the output voltage deviation and equalize the state

In this study, optimal peak clipping and load shifting control strategies of a Li-ion battery energy storage system are formulated and analyzed over 2 years of 15-minute interval demand data for a

A multi-objective distributed secondary control scheme of storage devices is proposed. Firstly, to maintain the frequency and voltage regulation and ensure proportional

In this paper, a novel distributed model predictive control (DMPC) strategy based on voltage observer for multiple energy storage systems (ESs) is firstly proposed to achieve a tradeoff between voltage regulation and power sharing.