In addition, the evolution of low temperature techniques is commonly linked with efficient utilization of cryogenic liquids that includes all liquids boiling at temperatures below ambient. This evolution suggests the need for continuous development of primary methods to reduce heat leaks of cryogenic storage vessels.

According to [13], liquid nitrogen/air (LN2/ LAir) generated using surplus electricity at the off peak times or renewable energy sources is considered the most attractive energy storage system

by liquid nitrogen injection were investigated. A three-dimensional (3-D) model was developed, and the airflow, 2018) and controlled atmosphere (CA) are effective methods of extending the storage and shelf lives of fruits and vegetables (Huyskens-Keil,

Assessment of crop nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) is important in agricultural research. Various approaches exist to analyze NUE. A recently proposed NUE concept is further developed and a calculation tool for practical use presented. A critical component in the NUE concept is the plants'' mean nitrogen (N) content during the main

In this paper, a Stirling engine is used to improve the efficiency of Liquid Air Energy Storage (LAES) systems. Compression heat or solar energy are used as heat source for the Stirling engine. The Round Trip Efficiency ( RTE ) of the proposed Solar-LAES-SE systems are compared with those of the Solar-LAES-ORC systems.

The cooling process of the tank can be divided into slow cooling by cryogenic gaseous nitrogen, rapid cooling by boiling liquid nitrogen, and conduction cooling in contact with liquid nitrogen. The chill-down time of bottom wall reduced by 25% as the flow rate increased from 35 L/min to 43 L/min.

The calculation was predicted to within 1% of the minimum error, and the internal fluid behavior was evaluated by analyzing the vertical temperature profile according to the filling ratio. Keywords: cryogenic

Among thermo-mechanical storage, LAES is an emerging concept where electricity is stored in the form of liquid air (or nitrogen) at cryogenic temperatures [9].A schematic of its operating principle is depicted in Figure 1, where three key sub-processes can be highlighted, namely charge, storage and discharge.

The nitrogen stream starts from the cryogenic storage tank where liquid nitrogen is pumped to the working pressure by a cryogenic pump (P). The high-pressure nitrogen is then heated in heat exchangers HE3, HE2, and HE1 in turn, and expands in two stages via, respectively, a high-pressure turbine (HT) and a low-pressure turbine (LT) to

As noted above, the use or storage of N2 and LN2 can reduce oxygen percentages below the OSHA threshold, so oxygen monitors should be included in the design and construction of spaces containing N2 or LN2. Monitors should be equipped with at least two sensors located in the breathing zone, approximately 4'' above the floor, and should also

Liquid Nitrogen Engine Consumption. The consumption rate of directly introduced liquid nitrogen in the LN 2 engine is significantly higher than that of a diesel or gasoline

Liquid air energy storage coupled with liquefied natural gas cold energy: focus on efficiency, energy capacity, and flexibility Energy, 216 ( 2021 ), Article 119308 View PDF View article View in Scopus Google Scholar

Energy storage efficiencies are shown to increase towards unity as the endothermic reaction approaches completion; efficiencies greater than 0.90 are obtained for reaction extents exceeding 0.60.

A liquid nitrogen storage vessel is a close container like pressure vessel which is designed to store or transit fluids at a temperature and pressure which is different from

The presented study describes proprietary calculation methods that simulate the process of storing nitrogen dioxide elevation in a catalytic LNT reactor. The first section''s points of reference are the achievements of the article''s authors and the possibility of modeling NO2 adsorption processes in LNT reactors. The rest of the article

In this study, we compare briefly three ways to store thermal energy around 80K. A compact energy storage unit able to store few kilojoules around 80K is

Different methods are currently used to quantify nitrogen use efficiency. The comparison of three such methods based on real-world experiments shows the impact of indicator choice on results

According to the results of the exergy analysis, the exergy efficiency of the first and second refrigeration cycles and the whole liquefaction process were 67.53%, 52.24%, and 55.47%, respectively [13]. The aims of this study were to find the exergy efficiency of the nitrogen liquefaction unit and to determine the parameters affecting the

Liquid nitrogen (LN) is an inert cryogenic fluid with a temperature of − 196 °C [− 320 °F]. LN is injected directly into the batch water storage tank, aggregate, or mixer via lances to lower the temperature of the concrete as much as practical without freezing.

hydrogen is garnering increasing attention owing to the demand for long storage periods, long. transportation distances, and economic performance. This paper reviews the characteristics of liquid

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), a functional material with a large specific surface area and high porosity have attracted increasing attention for their great potential in various applications. As a relatively time-saving, cost-effective, high-efficient and

Liquid nitrogen storage vessels are composed of a complete nitrogen containing chamber with flange rings covered with vacuum jacketed evacuated chamber,

The CES system is often called LAES (Liquid Air Energy Storage) system, because air is generally used as the working fluid. However, in this article CES system is used instead, because this system

To measure the efficiency and potential environmental impacts of nitrogen use in crop production, indicators of nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) are widely

Compared with other hydrogen storage methods, the high pressure microtube hydrogen storage has more competitive storage density and filling characteristics. With reasonable geometric size design, higher pressure filling technology and low temperature storage mediums, the microtube hydrogen storage could have a

Pumped hydro storage and flow batteries and have a high roundtrip efficiency (65–85%) at the system level. Compressed air energy storage has a roundtrip efficiency of around 40 percent (commercialized and realized) to about 70 percent (still at the theoretical stage). Because of the low efficiency of the air liquefaction process,

Liquid air/nitrogen energy storage and power generation are studied. • Integration of liquefaction, energy storage and power recovery is investigated. • Effect of

The high-efficiency safe storage and transportation of hydrogen are of great significance for the large-scale utilization of hydrogen energy []. In existing hydrogen storage methods, cryogenic liquid storage, as a reliable, low-cost, and highly integrated technology [],

The cryogenic liquid hydrogen is extracted by this method to contribute to the efficient utilization of hydrogen energy. Ejectors have been developed for a long time and have many advantages, such as operating stability, low heat leakage, convenient processing and low costs [13], [14].

A method using multiple stages of reheat and expansion was proposed for improved turnaround efficiency from 22% to 47% using four such stages in the cycle.

A basic LAES system was validated using the present simulation in Guizzi''s work [11].Two-stage compression and three-stage expansion processes were considered. The system charging, liquid air storage, and discharging pressures were

1. Introduction. Cryogenic storage systems are finding several applications, for example a 25 l tank of liquid nitrogen lasted only 24 h before being evaporated in 1950, while in 1990, this period became nearly one year, suggesting continuous research and development of primary methods of reducing heat leaks of cryogenic storage vessels.

A method using multiple stages of reheat and expansion was proposed for improved turnaround efficiency from 22% to 47% using four such stages in the cycle.

The condensing chamber and the liquid nitrogen storage tank are welded to facilitate heat conduction on both sides of the fluid. In the experiment, the vacuum pump works continuously to keep the vacuum degree below 10 −4 Pa, so as to ensure the gasket achieves a good sealing effect.

A liquid nitrogen cooling circulating unit is a necessary condition for the stable operation of a cryogenic oscillator, which can provide a stable working environment for the oscillator. In this paper, according to the user''s functional requirements and performance parameters, a closed cooling system with supercooled liquid nitrogen as

The liquid yield, defined as the ratio of liquid energy storage nitrogen to total energy storage nitrogen in ESR, is 58.6 % in this work. The maximum allowable flow rate of energy storage nitrogen is 16.8 kg/s (62.4 % nitrogen product).

two phase flow of liquid nitrogen, Computational T echnologies for Flu id/Thermal/Structural/Chemical Systems With Industrial Applications, ASME/PVP, vol. 377, no.2, pp. 219-225, 1998.

Despite the extensive studies on natural convection, few reports have been made on cryogenic storage tanks. Boukeffa et al. [1] and Khemis et al. [2] conducted an experimental analysis of heat

Liquid-phase plasma treatment (LPPT) removed high concentrations of NH 4 +-N. The use of LPPT for removing ammonia nitrogen was attempted for the first time. • The plasma conditions exerted significant removal effects on NH 4 +-N. Accelerated electrons, 1 O 2, and ∙ OH contributed the removal of NH 4 +-N.