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This paper explores the hourly energy balance of an urban light rail system (tram network) and demonstrates the impact of the use of EV''s as the only

Energy management in Siemens ''Combino Plus'' multimodal tram vehicles when rolling on non-electrified sections: (I) acceleration power is supplied by

Each battery pack of the on-board battery energy storage system includes 324 series and 4 parallels. The capacity of the lithium titanate battery is 10 Ah. In the actual charging process, a battery pack is placed under a certain temperature condition. The maximum chargeable current is related to the state of charge.

Energies 2018, 11, 752 2 of 17 given that if the supercapacitor''s energy density is too low and the configuration cannot be very large, so it lacks endurance. To further improve the energy density and power density as well as the endurance of the energy storage

An on-board energy storage system for catenary free operation of a tram is investigated, using a Lithium Titanate Oxide (LTO) battery system. The battery unit is

Sophie Vorrath. The local government-backed not-for-profit group behind Victoria''s first inner-urban community battery has turned to solar powered public transport to raise awareness of the

THE European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) has signed a memorandum of understanding (MoU) with Egypt''s Ministry of International Cooperation on financing for the reconstruction

This paper explores the possibility of using EV''s as temporary trackside energy storage systems on urban light rail systems through the use of bi-directional connection interfaces (chargers), which allow use of the vehicle battery in typical V2X scenarios. The paper uses the city of Sheffield (UK) Supertram network as an example

Schematic diagrams of different energy supplies for the catenary-free tram: (a) UC storage systems with fast-charging at each station (US-FC), (b) battery

The Citadis 402 tram in the French city of Nice (pictured) is a second generation vehicle. Credit: Markus Giger. Rolling stock manufacturer Alstom has introduced its new-generation tram Citadis X05, which features the company''s SRS charging system and Citadis Ecopack energy storage system. The vehicle was commissioned to be used on the newly

Energy storage is the capturing and holding of energy in reserve for later use. Energy storage solutions for electricity generation include pumped-hydro storage, batteries, flywheels, compressed-air energy storage, hydrogen storage and thermal energy storage components. The ability to store energy can reduce the environmental

The most natural way to reuse this energy is either to send it back into other trains that need it or to store into some storage means. The situation is depicted in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 Fig. 1 the braking energy from train A is sent into train B, while in Fig. 2 it is partly sent into B, partly stored in the storage system located around ESS2.

In order to design a well-performing hybrid storage system for trams, optimization of energy management strategy (EMS) and sizing is crucial. This paper establishes a mathematical model of battery and supercapacitor, compares the topology used in trams. Using adaptive particle swarm optimization(PSO) to optimize the size of battery and

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Subsequently, this study designs two energy storage systems (ESSs), the EV energy storage system (EVESS), which solely exploits EV batteries for energy storage, and the

Fuel cell (FC) and ultracapacitor hybrid trams offer a sustainable and efficient transportation option, with the ability to store and use renewable energy for propulsion. However, their widespread adoption is limited by the availability of reliable and cost-effective refueling

This article proposes a rolling optimization strategy (ROS) based on wavelet neural network prediction and dynamic programming (DP) for tram equipped with on-board battery-supercapacitor hybrid energy storage system, and proves the rationality of using RB strategy to replace ROS strategy entirely or partially in some scenarios. This

The hybrid energy storage system (HESS) composed of different energy storage elements (ESEs) is gradually being adopted to exploit the complementary effects of different ESEs [6]. The optimal sizing of ESEs in HESS is a very important problem that needs to be focused on, and a reasonable configuration scheme of ESEs can meet

In addition to showing how recycled materials could be used to build efficient energy storage devices, the research could lead to environmental and socioeconomic change. "It can open a way for a new industry and open many work opportunities to recycle batteries and use the recycled materials for a plethora of other

In this paper, a self-adaptive multi-mode dynamic proportional control strategy for hybrid-energy-storage tramcar is proposed. With battery life and system efficiency as optimization objectives, power distribution between two sources is carried out by pseudo-spectral method. According to the optimization results, an on-line dynamic proportional EMS is

In order to design a well-performing hybrid storage system for trams, optimization of energy management strategy (EMS) and sizing is crucial. This paper establishes a mathematical model of battery and supercapacitor, compares the topology used in trams. Using adaptive particle swarm optimization(PSO) to optimize the size of battery and

1 Introduction. Energy storage systems (ESS) are increasingly being used in electric traction as a means of more effectively utilizing regenerative braking energy which, in case of rail vehicles, is a significant part of energy taken from power system because of their large mass, or to maintain proper voltage [1].

A battery–supercapacitor hybrid energy-storage system (BS-HESS) is widely adopted in the fields of renewable energy integration, smart- and micro-grids, energy integration systems, etc. Focusing

The energy storage system on the trams has been convinced to meet the requirements of catenary free tram network for both at home and abroad. This technology improves the

The characteristics of the energy storage equipment of the tram, which is the tram power supply system, will largely affect the performance of the whole vehicle. Since there is still a lack of a single energy storage element

Trams in Cairo. Constructed near the beginning of the 20th century, until 2014 the Cairo tramway network was still used in modern-day Cairo, especially in modern areas, like Heliopolis and Nasr City. During the 1970s, government policies favoured making space for cars, resulting in the removal of over half of the 120-kilometre (75 mi) network.

List of Publications Part of the content presented in this thesis has been published, the publications are as follows: Journal Publications [1] T. Zhang, R. Zhao, E. E. F. Ballantyne, and D. A. Stone, "Increasing urban tram system efficiency, with battery storage and

The purpose of this paper is to explore the concept of utilising stationary Electric Vehicle (EV) batteries in a P&R facility to act as lineside energy storage for

This PM decreases losses in OHL. Advanced PMs use tram position at known track line, stochastic model of other trams, fuzzy controller [3] or other control methods such as dynamic programming [4

A hybrid energy storage system (HESS) of tram composed of different energy storage elements (ESEs) is gradually being adopted, leveraging the advantages of each ESE.

Further indicators found in the literature may be derived from the above-mentioned indicators of travel time [7,14,16,52], tram travel time [13] (with variability) [12,51,52], and level of service

Energy storage systems (ESSs) are enabling technologies for well-established and new applications such as power peak shaving, electric vehicles, integration of renewable