This section intends to interpret the consistency between the obtained numerical results from ANSYS/FLUENT 16 simulations and the available experimental data of Ahmed et al. [8]

The level of background noise depends on the structure of the boiler and the positioning of the sensors. The level of leak noise depends on the direction or angle of the ejected spray as well as the whether or not the spray strikes anything. Air Pressure. 140kg/cm 2.

For dielectric energy storage films, high leakage current always results in larger loss of energy, heating breakdown, and poor stability. This work designs an

Multi-functional polymer gel materials based on thermal phase change materials (PCMs) are rapidly advancing the application of thermal energy storage (TES)

High pressure hydrogen leaks can occur anywhere in storage tanks or pipelines, and in a full-size (6.10 m (width) × 6.10 m (length) × 3.05 m (height)) residential garage, research has shown that if the leak is vertically upward, the hydrogen concentration can reach 29.3% at a height of 2.6 m or more.

H 2 is the substance with the smallest relative molecular mass, and thus, compared to natural gas, it more easily leaks or permeates from high-pressure environments. When leakage occurs, three jet-flow statuses are possible: subsonic jet flow [11], critical jet flow, and supersonic jet flow [12, 13].Leaking H 2 proceeds in the

In a windless environment, a small hydrogen leak from tube fittings installed in the hydrogen storage and supply systems does not lead to FGC formation. According to GTR 13 [ 39 ], a warning shall be given when the hydrogen concentration exceeds 2 ± 1.0% vol. in air in enclosed or semi-closed spaces in the vehicle.

This approach strives to use quantitative data on component leaks and failures, together with Prognosis and Health Management (PHM), and Quantitative Risk Assessment

Leakage issue is prevented using graphite matrix encapsulation. Total melting time is decreased by about 31% with the increase in HTF inlet temperature for

For dielectric energy storage films, high leakage current always results in larger loss of energy, heating breakdown, and poor stability. This work designs an interfacial charge barrier by combining with Na0.5Bi3.25La1.25Ti4O15 and BaBi3.4La0.6Ti4O15 films with different conductivity and dielectric constant to substantially improve the leakage

Additionally, reduced refrigerant charge, as caused by leakage, is detrimental to performance and is estimated to be as much as 475 TBTU annually by 2030. This system will minimize refrigerant leakage by eliminating at least 90% of the joints in a 2-ton residential AC/heat pump system, which will increase performance and energy

The risk assessment and analyses involving the hydrogen leakage and diffusion can be classified into two categories: hydrogen leakage conditions and local ambient conditions [8]. The former includes diameter and position of leakage hole, leakage velocity and leakage time and it is mainly affected by the vessels for hydrogen storage [9].

The integral model is used to predict the concentration field, only suitable for low-pressure leakage, while the virtual nozzle model is widely used in high-pressure

This section presents leakage and delay ignition simulations for different leak location at tube trailer, 20 MPa and 40 MPa hydrogen storage tanks, respectively. According to the above research, when the wind speed is between 3 m/s and 5 m/s, the hazard is greatest in hydrogen explosion, and the harmful area is the largest when the

This feature endows it excellent energy storage capacity with a high recoverable energy density (W re ∼ 21.9 J/cm 3) and efficiency of η ∼ 65.6%, showing

Exploring a rapid, reliable, and practical means to detect blockages and leakages in liquid pipelines and accurately locate their positions is of great importance in practical engineering applications. Here, we report a bubble motion-based triboelectric sensor (BM-TES) for detecting and locating the blockages and leaks inside a plastic

Undoubtedly, for such vehicles, the hydrogen storage tank that directly contacts the hydrogen gas is an important energy storage vessel, and is intimately related to the safety of the whole vehicle. Hence, it is of great significance to carry out reliability evaluation of the high-pressure hydrogen storage tanks for the purpose of identifying the

Abstract. Leakage, low thermal conductivity and flammability are the crucial factors that severely restrain the applications of the organic phase change material

Based on finite element method and virtual nozzle model, the influence of leakage of main equipment in hydrogenation station on the distribution of combustible

Before the local air-leakage, the lined rock cavern under the uniform temperature T I, equal geo-stress (σ H =σ V) and uniform gas pressure p 1 can be regarded as an axisymmetric plane strain problem (composed of three thick-walled cylinders), when the outer rectangular boundary (σ x =σ H,σ y =σ V =σ H, τ rθ =0, Fig. 2 a) is transformed

Sol–gel-derived (100)-textured Pb0.8La0.1Ca0.1Ti0.975O3 (PLCT) thin films were prepared on Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si(100) substrates at a low temperature of 450 °C. Modification of annealing atmospheres, i.e., O2, air, and N2, on the electrical properties of PLCT thin films was focused on in this work, especially the energy storage and leakage

Compressed air energy storage (CAES) has been considered a high-efficiency large-scale energy storage technology [3], and applied widely and developed rapidly [4]. It has been commercially operated for decades in the Huntorf plant in Germany [5] (initially 290 MW and 321 MW retrofitted [6]) and the Mclntosh plant in the USA (110

Hydrogen has become a competitive energy carrier owing to its high fuel value, cleanliness, and renewability. Fuel cell vehicles (FCVs) are crucial in achieving global carbon neutrality in the transportation sector. This study used Flame Acceleration Simulator (FLACS) software to model hydrogen leaks and diffusion from tube fittings of hydrogen

The all-organic high-temperature polymer dielectrics with promising scale-up potential have witnessed much progress in the energy storage area, etc. However, the electron suppression trap mechanisms behind many all-organic dielectrics are still unclear, especially for high temperature resistant poly(p-phenylene benzobisoxazole) (PBO) polymers.To

Compressed air energy storage (CAES) is one of the most promising large-scale energy storage technologies [11, 12] g. 1 describes a general concept of CAES plant, where CAES utilizes surplus electricity or renewable energy to compress air and then deposit it into an underground cavern or a porous reservoir [[13], [14], [15]].When

The energy efficiency ratio of heat storage in one shell-and-one tube phase change thermal energy storage unit Appl. Energy, 138 ( 2015 ), pp. 169 - 182 View PDF View article View in Scopus Google Scholar

To address the problems of easy leakage and high flammability of phase change materials, a series of innovative leakage-proof phase change composites (PCCs) with excellent solar thermal conversion capability and superior flame retardancy have been successfully developed. Herein, two-dimensional layered MXene nanosheets with

The extremely high recoverable energy density (W rec) and efficiency (η) of lead-free thin films make them a promising candidate for application in miniature power devices.Here, a stable design of multilayered structures of BaTiO 3 (BTO) and Bi[Zn 2/3 (Nb 0.85 Ta 0.15) 1/3]O 3 (BZNT) have been fabricated using the pulsed laser deposition

The density of hydrogen is much lower than that of air (the density of air is 1.293 kg/m 3 under the standard conditions of 1 atmospheric pressure and 0 °C). In this case, hydrogen diffuses upward rapidly under the action of air buoyancy after leakage, and it does not easily accumulate to form a combustible gas mixture, which is conducive to its

Abstract Paraffin, as a low-cost organic phase change material (PCM), has the advantage of large latent heat in a phase change but suffers from the disadvantage of poor thermal conductivity and easy

Compressed air energy storage (CAES) is one of the most promising large-scale energy storage technologies [11, 12] g. 1 describes a general concept of CAES plant, where CAES utilizes surplus electricity or renewable energy to compress air and then deposit it into an underground cavern or a porous reservoir [[13], [14], [15]].